Unit 4 Introduction to Capstone Project Class 11 AI Book Solution
CBSE/NCERT BOOK EXERCISES
A. Objective Type Questions
1. Which is NOT correct about the Capstone project?
A. It is a project where students must research independently
B. Students can integrate all their knowledge to develop a solution to the problem
C. It is the final project of an academic program.
D. Students are made to look at real world situations, exchange their point of view and discuss potential solutions to the problem.
Answer: A.
2. Which is the fundamental question which is asked before deciding to embark on an AI development journey?
A. Should we do the project?
B. Is there a solution?
C. Can we leave the problem?
D. Is there a pattern?
Answer: D
3. The question, ‘which option should be taken?’ comes under which category?
A. Classification
B. Regression
C. Anomaly detection
D. Recommendation
Answer: D
4. Which stage in Design Thinking is missing (Prototype, Ideate, Test, Define)?
A. Evaluation
B. Empathise
C. Evolution
D. Enrichment
Answer: B
5. Real computational tasks are complicated. To accomplish them, you need to _____ before coding.
A. Test the problem causing variables
B. Ask for finance help from stakeholders
C. Break down the problem into smaller units
D. write it in a paper and read it to your partners
Answer: C
6. Which one is not a part of the 5W1H method?
A. Who
B. While
C. Where
D. When
Answer: B
7. _______ is the process of generating ideas and solutions through sessions such as sketching, brainstorming etc.
A. Define
B. Empathise
C. Ideate
D. Prototype
Answer: C
8. Which one among the following is known as individual brainstorming?
A. Brainwriting
B. Brain dump
C. Brainstorm
D. Brain explore
Answer: A
9. _____ is a useful process during ideation.
A. Storyboarding
B. Empathy map
C. Prototyping
D. Data collection
Answer: A
10. The _____ stage involves creating a model designed to solve consumer’s problems in Design Thinking.
A. Modeling
B. Prototype
C. Training
D. Deployment
Answer: B
11. _________ Analysis helps in identifying the patterns by asking different questions which fall into different approaches.
A. Predictive
B. Prescriptive
C. Probability
D. Prototype
Answer: A
B. Short Answer Questions
1. What do you mean by a capstone project?
Ans: The final project of an academic program, typically integrating all of the learning from the program is called the Capstone Project. A capstone project is a project where students must research a topic, deeply understand the subject matter and integrate all their knowledge to develop a solution to a problem.
2. Name some of the skills which students will acquire by doing capstone projects.
Ans: While doing a Capstone project, students will learn many important skills including:
• how to work as a team member
• how to clearly identify an issue and who it is affecting (the user)
• how to brainstorm solutions and select the best one
• how to decide which type of AI may be useful for the proposed solution
• how to ethically gather and use data to train a computer to help solve the issue
• how to test the prototype with users and use their feedback to improve the solution
• how to pitch their solution to people who will be able to help them take action
3. Give some examples of use cases of SDG’s.
Ans: Some use cases of the SDGs are given below
• Renewable energy
• Reporting and communicating
• Combating hunger and poverty
• Protecting resources
• Promoting responsible consumption
• Providing access to education
4. Students are promoted to develop critical and creative thinking. Why?
Ans: Students must be taught to think critically and creatively so that they could communicate and work together effectively. They could raise vital questions against problems, gather and assess relevant information, brainstorm ideas and formulate a well-reasoned conclusions and solutions. Creative thinking and critical thinking are necessary skills for equipping individuals to be the social change makers, leaders and innovators.
5. Define Design Thinking.
Ans: Design Thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. It’s extremely useful in tackling complex problems that are ill-defined or unknown.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. Write down the steps of Problem decomposition.
Ans: Problem decomposition steps
1. Understand the problem and then restate the problem in your own words
• Know what the desired inputs and outputs are
• Ask questions for clarification (in class these questions might be to your instructor, but most of the time they will be asking either yourself or your collaborators)
2. Break the problem down into a few large pieces.
• Write these down, either on paper or as comments in a file.
3. Break complicated pieces down into smaller pieces.
• Keep breaking down until all of the pieces are small.
4. Code one small piece at a time.
• Think about how to implement it and write the code/query
• Test it on its own and Fix problems, if any
2. Explain briefly the different stages of Design thinking.
Ans: There are five stages of Design Thinking. They are:
(a) Empathize, (b) Define, (c) Ideate, (d) Prototype, and (e) Test.
i) Empathize:
Design thinking begins with empathy. It allows designers to understand, empathize and share the feelings of the users. As a designer of the solution to a challenge, one should always understand the problem from the end-user perspective. This is done by observation, interaction or by imagination.
Designers interact with customers / users very frequently to gather detailed facts about the problems and user’s expectations. A detailed analysis of these facts leads to approaching the problem in the best possible way.
ii) Define
In the Define stage, information collected during Empathize is used to draw insights and is instrumental in stating the problem that needs to be solved. It’s an opportunity for the design thinker to define the challenge or to write the problem statement in a human-centered manner with a focus on the unmet needs of the users. The 5W1H method of asking questions can be implemented here.
iii) Ideate
Ideation is the process of generating ideas and solutions through sessions such as sketching, brainstorming etc. At this stage, numerous ideas are generated as a part of the problem-solving exercise. In short, ideation is all about idea generation. Brainstorm, Brain write and Brain dump can be used for ideate stage.
iv) Prototype
The prototype stage involves creating a model designed to solve consumers’ problems which is tested in the next stage of the process. Creating a prototype may include a developing simple drawing, poster, group role-playing, homemade “gadget, or a 3d printed product.” The prototypes must be quick and easy to develop and cheap. Therefore, prototypes are visualized as rudimentary forms of what a final product is expected to look like.
v) Test
During testing, the designers receive feedback about the prototype(s), and get another opportunity to interact and empathize with the people they are finding solutions for. Testing focuses on what can be learned about the user and the problem, as well as the potential solution.
3. Explain the different types of Ideation techniques
Ans: Different ideation techniques are brainstorm, brain dump and brain writing
Brainstorm
During a Brainstorming session, students leverage the synergy of the group to generate new innovative ideas by building on others’ ideas. Participants should be able to discuss their ideas freely without fear of criticism. A large number of ideas are collected so that different options are available for solving the challenge.
Brain dump
Brain dump is very similar to Brainstorm; however, it’s done individually. It allows the concerned person to open the mind and let the thoughts be released and captured onto a piece of paper. The participants write down their ideas onto paper or post-it notes and share their ideas later with the larger group.
Brain writing
Brain writing is also very similar to a Brainstorm session and is known as ‘individual brainstorming’. At times only the most confident of team members share their ideas while the introverts keep the ideas to themselves. Brainwriting gives introverted people time to write them down instead of sharing their thoughts out loud with the group. The participants write down their ideas on paper and, after a few minutes, pass on their own piece of paper to another participant who then elaborates on the first person’s ideas and so forth. In this way all participants pass their papers on to someone else and the process continues. After about 15 minutes, the papers are collected and posted for instant discussion.
D. Case Study
1. Based on SDG-7, Affordable and clean energy, formulate a Problem and write down the Design thinking steps associated with it.
Ans: SDG-7, Affordable and clean energy
Problem – Inefficient usage of Electric/Electronic Appliances and wastage of energy Design Thinking Steps
Empathize: Talk with people and understand how they are using the electric/electronic devices. Are they using it whole day or in a limited. Do they know how to use. Whether they are using it smoothly or roughly without knowing the usage. Understand whether there is wastage of energy and people are aware of it.
Define: To particularly understand the problem, ask 5W1H questions and with the answers of those questions understand that the problem to be solved is “Not knowing the efficient usage of Appliances”
Ideate: Brainstorm and list down the ideas generated. From these ideas one of the ideas can be selected as solution for implementation
Solution Selected: An AI machine can be made which will monitor all the appliances and controls the usage of electricity.
Prototype: The prototype of the solution can be drawn like this
Test: This Prototype can be tested by analysing it with Parents and Teachers. Feedback collected could improve the previous stages.
E. Competency-Based Questions
1. As you near the completion of your Artificial Intelligence program, you are eager to put your newfound skills to good use. You have always been fascinated by the potential of AI to improve healthcare. Recently, you have learned about the challenges of early detection for certain diseases, leading to poorer prognoses. What do you call the project in which you must research a topic, deeply understand the subject matter, and integrate all their knowledge gathered about a particular subject to develop a solution to a problem?
Ans: Capstone Project
2. Shilpa Balagangadharan, a psychology teacher, is concerned about the negative impact of low exam scores on student mental health. To address this, she is implementing a multi-step process to develop and pilot a program that promotes resilience and reduces feelings of depression. Here, the tasks are NOT arranged in a logical order:
- Conduct interviews and focus groups with students, parents, teachers, and mental health professionals.
- Develop mockups of potential solutions like support groups, scripts for intervention training, or pilot programs for mindfulness exercises.
- Arrange peer support programs based on the feedback and best practices identified. Create a “help-seeking is cool” campaign to encourage students to utilize available resources. Continuously monitor and adapt the program based on its effectiveness.
- Analyze the empathy map to define the core problem statement.
- Implement the training materials (scripts, mockups) in small groups and gather feedback from participants.
Arrange the steps in the correct order.
Ans– The correct order for the steps in Shilpa’s student wellbeing initiative, aligned with the design thinking process, is: a, d, b, e, c
i) a. Conduct interviews and focus groups with students, parents, teachers, and mental health professionals. (Empathize Stage)
ii) d. Analyze the empathy map to define the core problem statement. (Define Stage)
iii) b. Develop mockups of potential solutions like support groups, scripts for intervention training, or pilot programs for mindfulness exercises. (Ideate Stage)
iv) e. Implement the training materials (scripts, mockups) in small groups and gather feedback from participants. (Prototype Stage)
v) c. Arrange peer support programs based on the feedback and best practices identified. Create a “help-seeking is cool” campaign to encourage students to utilize available resources. Continuously monitor and adapt the program based on its effectiveness. (Test Stage)
3. You live in Darjeeling, a beautiful hill station. Due to heavy rains, landslides have damaged the roads, leaving the town temporarily isolated. Your school is closed, and online learning is the only option available. How do you feel about not being able to attend school in person and facing challenges with remote learning? Draw an empathy map to illustrate your thoughts, feelings, and experiences during this unexpected situation.
Ans:
4. Mr. Muthu Kumar is facing a serious issue of high electricity bill every month. He is trying a lot to reduce it. Considering his issue is worth solving, draw an empathy map related to Muthu Kumar.
Ans:
5. A small island nation in the Pacific Ocean, known for its beautiful beaches and colorful coral reefs, is in trouble. The sea level is rising, which is causing the shores to erode and making the land salty where plants used to grow. Most of the buildings and roads are near the coast, so they are at risk from the rising sea and strong storms. Because of these problems, it is harder for people to grow food like they used to, and they might not have enough to eat. Which Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can you align the above scenario with?
Ans:
• Zero Hunger (SDG 2)
• Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11)
• Climate Action (SDG 13).
